Terms

Custom Metadata Types

What are Custom Metadata Types?

Custom Metadata Types are a form of application metadata in Salesforce that is customizable, deployable, packageable, and upgradeable. They define the structure of custom metadata rows, resembling custom object rows, and are used to build reusable functionality that determines behavior based on metadata of that type. Custom Metadata Types can be applied for various purposes, such as mappings, business rules, primary data, and allowlists, and are read-only in the Enterprise and Partner APIs.

Benefits of Using Custom Metadata

  • Reusable functionality: Custom Metadata Types enable developers to build apps defined and driven by their own types of metadata, creating reusable functionality.
  • Simplified Apex code: They reduce the need for manually filled fields, ensuring referential integrity by referencing objects.
  • Efficiency gains: Advanced formula fields using custom metadata types make it easier to update values without changing multiple hard-coded formulas.
  • Easy deployment: Custom Metadata Types can be packaged and installed in various Salesforce editions, making them easily deployable and reusable across different organizations.
  • Improved data management: They facilitate the creation of associations between different objects, combine configuration records with custom functionality, and manage lists such as approved donors and preapproved vendors.

Creating and Managing Custom Metadata

Creating custom metadata in Salesforce involves a two-step process.

  • Create a custom metadata type: Define the form of the application metadata.
  • Build reusable functionality: Determine the behavior based on metadata of that type.
  • Manage records: Custom metadata records can be created, edited, and deleted using Metadata API or in Setup.
  • Migrate records: Use packages or Metadata API tools for easier management.

When using custom metadata, follow best practices such as using them for mappings, business rules, primary data, and allowlists. Combine configuration records with custom functionality for better results. Be aware of common mistakes, such as:

  • Not using relationships to directly reference objects.
  • Not updating field values in custom metadata types instead of updating multiple field references.
  • Not being aware of special behaviors and limitations when using custom metadata types.

Custom Metadata vs. Custom Settings

When deciding between Custom Metadata and Custom Settings in Salesforce, it's essential to understand their differences and use cases. Custom Metadata is metadata, while Custom Settings are data. Custom Metadata records are read-only in the Enterprise and Partner APIs, whereas Custom Settings can be modified. Additionally, Custom Metadata can be migrated using packages or Metadata API tools, while Custom Settings cannot.

Custom Metadata Types are customizable, deployable, packageable, and upgradeable, allowing for the creation of reusable functionality based on metadata. They can be used for various purposes, such as mappings, business rules, primary data, and allowlists. On the other hand, Custom Settings provide a way to store custom data that can be accessed and modified by users. They can be used to store data specific to an organization or user and can be accessed and modified using the Enterprise and Partner APIs.

Practical Applications of Custom Metadata

Practical applications of Custom Metadata Types in Salesforce can be found across various industries and use cases. Some examples include:

  • Mappings: Creating associations between different objects, such as assigning cities, states, or provinces to specific regions in a country.
  • Business rules: Combining configuration records with custom functionality, like using custom metadata types and Apex code to route payments to the correct endpoint.
  • Primary data: Defining custom charges, such as duties and VAT rates, for a standard accounting app using custom metadata types.
  • Allowlists: Managing lists, such as approved donors and preapproved vendors.
  • Secrets: Storing information like API keys in protected custom metadata types within a package.

Other terms

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