Terms

Ransomware

What is Ransomware?

Ransomware is a form of malware that blocks access to a user's system or files, demanding a ransom for restoration. This can occur through locking the system's screen or encrypting files. Typically spread via malicious websites, email attachments, or exploit kits, ransomware requires payment through specific online methods to obtain a decryption key, with cryptoransomware being a prevalent variant that encrypts critical files.

Common Types and Examples

  • Ransomware Variants: Examples include CryptoLocker, which encrypts files and demands payment for decryption; Reveton, known as "police ransomware" that impersonates law enforcement agencies to scare victims into paying fines; and WannaCry, which exploited a vulnerability in Windows to infect computers worldwide, demanding ransom payments in Bitcoin.
  • Prevention and Defense Strategies: Some methods include avoiding unverified emails to prevent ransomware infections, using the 3-2-1 rule for backups to ensure data recovery in case of an attack, and regularly updating software to protect against vulnerabilities exploited by ransomware.
  • Notable Ransomware Families: Examples include Conti, which utilizes scheduled tasks for distribution and execution of its payload; REvil (Sodinokibi), capable of privilege escalation and decrypting its configuration file to dictate its routines; and BlackCat (ALPHV), notable for being coded in Rust and employing multilevel extortion techniques.

Preventive Measures

To effectively prevent ransomware attacks, organizations should implement these key practices:

  1. Email Caution: Avoid unverified emails and suspicious links.
  2. Robust Backups: Use the 3-2-1 backup strategy for comprehensive data protection.
  3. Update Regularly: Apply software updates to fix exploitable vulnerabilities.
  4. Security Culture: Educate employees on ransomware risks and prevention.
  5. Access Control: Apply the principle of least privilege and restrict unnecessary network access.

How to Respond

Responding promptly and appropriately to a ransomware attack can mitigate its impact:

  1. Isolation: Disconnect affected devices to prevent malware spread.
  2. Assessment: Determine the scope and the ransomware type involved.
  3. Authority Notification: Report the incident to law enforcement and consult cybersecurity experts.
  4. Avoid Ransom Payment: Paying the ransom does not guarantee data recovery and may promote further attacks.
  5. Data Restoration: Restore systems using offline backups and ensure they are updated before reconnecting.
  6. Security Posture Review: Enhance cybersecurity measures to guard against future incidents.

Other terms

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